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English Actions
ex. su:cooking
pb: publisher search
ex. pb:penguin
au: author search
ex. au:rowling
su-geo: geographic subjects
ex. su-geo:wales and kw:description and kw:travel
bc: barcode
ex. bc:502326000912
lex: lexile
levels lex:510
Guide to searching
This brief guide will explain a chart that shows a sample of how a MARC21 database can be configured, as well as a brief introductory searching guide. The indexing fields described in this document relate to the bibliographic data and does not address authority database indexing.
Zebra indexing
Koha's databases are indexed by the Zebra open-source software. The overview to the documentation describes Zebra as:
"...Zebra is a high-performance, general-purpose structured text indexing and retrieval engine. It reads records in a variety of input formats (eg. email, XML, MARC) and provides access to them through a powerful combination of Boolean search expressions and relevance-ranked free-text queries.
Zebra supports large databases (tens of millions of records, tens of gigabytes of data). It allows safe, incremental database updates on live systems. Because Zebra supports the industry-standard information retrieval protocol, Z39.50, you can search Zebra databases using an enormous variety of programs and toolkits, both commercial and free, which understands this protocol..." Zebra - User's Guide and Reference, p. 1, https://software.indexdata.com/zebra/doc/idzebra.pdf
**Note**
The indexing described in this document is the set used by SouthEastern University. Your local indexing may vary.
Indexing configuration
There are three configuration files that Koha uses while indexing.
The first configuration file (etc/zebradb/biblios/etc/bib1.att) contains the Z39.50 bib-1 attribute list, plus the Koha local use attributes for Biblio Indexes, Items Index, and Fixed Fields and other special indexes. The Z39.50 Bib-1 profile is made up of several different types of attributes: Use, Relation, Position, Structure, Truncation, and Completeness. The bib-1 'Use' attribute is represented on the chart; the other attributes are used primarily when doing searches. While there are over 150+ use attributes that could be used to define your indexing set, it's unlikely that you will choose to use them all. The attributes you elect to use are those that become the indexing rules for your database. The other five attribute sets define the various ways that a search can be further defined, and will not specifically be addressed in this document. For a complete list of the standard Bib-1 attributes, go to http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/defns/bib1.html.
The second file is etc/zebradb/marc\_defs/[marc21\|unimarc]/biblios/record.abs if you use grs1 indexing [the default until 3.16] or etc/zebradb/marc\_defs/[marc21\|unimarc]/biblios/biblio-koha-indexdefs.xml if you use dom indexing [the default from 3.18]. Either files contains the abstract syntax which maps the MARC21 tags to the set of Use Attributes you choose to use. To be more precise the xml file to be activate needs to be transform into biblio-zebra-indexdefs.xsl, read the head of biblio-zebra-indexdefs.xsl to know more about this topic. The rules established in this file provides a passable Bath level 0 and 1 service, which includes author, title, subject, keyword and exact services such as standard identifiers (LCCN, ISBN, ISSN, etc.)
The third file (etc/zebradb/ccl.properties) is the Common Command Language (CCL) field mappings. This file combines the bib-1 attribute set file and the abstract file and adds the qualifiers, usually known as index names. The qualifiers, or indexes, for this database are: pn, cpn, cfn, ti, se, ut, nb, ns, sn, lcn, callnum, su, su-to, su-geo, su-ut, yr,pubdate, acqdate, ln, pl, ab, nt, rtype, mc-rtype, mus, au, su-na, kw, pb, ctype, and an.
The :ref:`Koha Indexing Chart <koha-search-indexes-label>` summarizes the contents of all three of these files in a more readable format. The first two columns labeled Z39.50 attribute and Z39.50 name matches the Z39.50 bib-1 attributes file. The third column labeled MARC tags indexed is where you find which MARC tags are mapped to an attribute. The fourth column labeled Qualifiers identifies the search abbreviations used in the internal CCL query. The following description provides a definition for the word 'qualifiers'.
*Qualifiers are used to direct the search to a particular searchable index, such as title (ti) and author indexes (au). The CCL standard itself doesn't specify a particular set of qualifiers, but it does suggest a few shorthand notations. You can customize the CCL parser to support a particular set of qualifiers to reflect the current target profile. Traditionally, a qualifier would map to a particular use-attribute within the BIB-1attribute set. It is also possible to set other attributes, such as the structure attribute.*
In the MARC tags indexed column, there are some conventions used that have specific meanings. They are:
A three digit tag (100) means that all subfields in the tag can be used in a search query. So, if you enter a search for 'Jackson' as an author, you will retrieve records where Jackson could be the last name or the first name.
A three digit tag that has a '$' followed by a letter (600$a) means that a search query will only search the 'a' subfield.
A three digit tag that is followed by a ':' and a letter (240:w) means that a search query can be further qualified. The letter following the ':' identifies how to conduct the search. The most common values you'll see are 'w' (word), 'p' (phrase), 's' (sort), and 'n' (numeric).
The contents of the MARC tags, subfields, and/or fixed field elements that are listed in this chart are all indexed. You'll see that every attribute line is not mapped to a specific qualifier (index)-LC card number, line 9 is one example. However, every indexed word (a string of characters preceded and succeeded by a space) can be searched using a keyword (kw) search. So, although an LC card number specific index doesn't exist, you can still search by the LCCN since tag 010 is assigned to the LC-card-number attribute. To verify this, enter 72180055 in the persistent search box. You should retrieve The gods themselves, by Isaac Asimov.

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"...Zebra is a high-performance, general-purpose structured text indexing and retrieval engine. It reads records in a variety of input formats (eg. email, XML, MARC) and provides access to them through a powerful combination of Boolean search expressions and relevance-ranked free-text queries.
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Source string location
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String age
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